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- <text id=91TT0442>
- <title>
- Feb. 25, 1991: All Quiet Under The Pyramids
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1991
- Feb. 25, 1991 Beginning Of The End
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- THE GULF WAR, Page 49
- THE ARAB WORLD
- All Quiet Under the Pyramids
- </hdr><body>
- <p>Unlike many Arabs, most Egyptians detest Saddam Hussein and are
- not filling the streets with anti-Western protests
- </p>
- <p>By David Aikman/Cairo--With reporting by Amany Radwan/Cairo
- </p>
- <p> As rescue workers pulled corpses out of the Baghdad rubble
- last week, Jordan's King Hussein denounced the allied bombing
- that caused the deaths and called for an immediate cease-fire.
- Tunisian President Zine al-Abidine Ben Ali declared a "day of
- mourning in memory of the innocent civilian victims," while
- Sudan's Foreign Ministry called the episode a "hideous, bloody
- massacre." Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak, however, sounded
- a different note. "It is inconceivable for a ruler to make
- propaganda from the corpses of his citizens," he said. "I am
- very sorry to see civilians dying, but unfortunately, these
- things happen sometimes in war."
- </p>
- <p> Since Saddam Hussein seized Kuwait last August, much of the
- Arab world at the grass-roots level has divided into supporters
- and opponents of Iraq. But by far the most outspoken critic of
- Saddam has been Hosni Mubarak. The Egyptian President has
- backed his rhetoric with muscle by contributing 38,500 troops
- to the allied coalition. What is surprising is that, contrary
- to some reports, most of Mubarak's 56 million countrymen
- support his stance on the war and have not fallen sway to
- Saddam's attempts to turn the conflict into a battle of Arab
- vs. West. Ordinary Egyptians show no inclination to mob the
- streets in support of Iraq as hundreds of thousands of other
- Arabs have done in cities from Amman to Nouakchott. When a
- small band of demonstrators assembled in Cairo two weeks ago
- for a march on the presidential palace, bystanders watched
- approvingly as police broke up the protest with nightsticks.
- Observed Jordan's Ambassador Nabih Nimr: "Apparently the
- majority of Egyptians are either quiet or support Mubarak."
- </p>
- <p> Egyptian resentment of Saddam runs deep. During Iraq's
- eight-year war with Iran, 1.5 million Egyptians worked in Iraq,
- sending back to their country an estimated $1 billion a year.
- Peace came in 1988, and a triumphant but broke Iraq froze the
- wages of foreign workers and forbade funds to be sent out of
- the country. Thousands of Egyptians suddenly began facing job
- competition from demobilized soldiers. Many were ill-treated
- by Iraqis, some getting impressed into the Iraqi army, others
- enduring beatings, robbings and even murder. For several months
- last year the Egyptian press reported almost daily the number
- of returning coffins of Egyptians who had died in suspicious
- circumstances in Iraq.
- </p>
- <p> Egypt's opposition press, which is stridently antigovernment
- and hostile to Mubarak's role in the coalition, has not chosen
- to challenge the public disgust with Saddam. Even the
- fundamentalist Muslim Brotherhood, while calling the
- coalition's bombing of civilians a "heinous crime," has
- described the Iraqi regime as "hateful" and has scorned Saddam's
- efforts to lead a jihad against the West.
- </p>
- <p> The failure of ordinary Egyptians to demonstrate against the
- gulf war also stems from a reluctance to be lumped together
- with other Arabs. Many Egyptians are so proud of their
- country's more than 5,000 years of history and culture that
- they are uncomfortable acknowledging any connection with their
- Arab brethren. Says Hoda el-Sobky, 19, an economics major at
- the American University in Cairo: "I feel pure Egyptian. We are
- originally pharaohs. There is no blood relation between us and
- the Arabs." A surprising number of ordinary Egyptians also seem
- to feel warmly toward the West. Said Abul Yazid Tawfiq, a taxi
- driver: "I feel closer to the West than the Arabs. Westerners
- are straightforward. They want to work with us."
- </p>
- <p> Most Egyptians also feel they paid a disproportionate price
- on behalf of the Arab cause during the five brutal wars waged
- with Israel since the Jewish state was founded in 1948.
- Military and civilian losses during these conflicts amounted
- to more than 20,000. "Arabs are traitors," says Tawfiq. "You
- cannot feel secure with them. We fought for them, but they did
- not do anything for us."
- </p>
- <p> In 1979, after Egypt became the first and so far only Arab
- country to make formal peace with Israel, most of the Arab
- world broke relations with Cairo. Mubarak, who became President
- in 1981 after Anwar Sadat was assassinated, has concentrated
- on establishing a mood of moderation at home while mending ties
- with fellow Arabs. Of 21 members in the Arab League, all 18
- that broke diplomatic relations with Egypt then have since
- resumed them. Last week Mubarak further demonstrated his
- diplomatic skills by playing host first to Libya's mercurial
- Muammar Gaddafi, whom he has wooed diplomatically for two
- years, and then to the foreign ministers of six gulf states and
- Syria. Says Walid Kazziha, a political scientist at the
- American University in Cairo: "During the past 10 years Mubarak
- has wanted to reintroduce Egypt into the Arab world. I think
- to some extent he has succeeded."
- </p>
- <p> As leader of the world's most populous Arab country, Mubarak
- cannot afford to fail. If Iraq is defeated badly, Egypt will
- emerge as the dominant Arab military power in both the gulf and
- the Middle East region. How skillfully Mubarak exercises that
- leadership will help determine whether the region recovers from
- the crisis triggered by Saddam Hussein or descends into a
- nightmare of disorder.
- </p>
-
- </body></article>
- </text>
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